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Open education and educational resources, Open education and educational resources, open access to scholarly publications. National policy and executive plan by the higher education and research community for 2021–2025: Policy component for open access to theses

OBJECTIVES AND THE ACTIONS THEY REQUIRE OBJECTIVE 1: By 2025, higher education institutions will make use of open educational practices and support cooperation, communality and sharing in education.Actions required by the objective:a)By 2024, higher education institutions will have their own policy that steers the administration of open education, quality work and the personnel’s merit and incentive sys­tems so that they support open educational practices.b)From 2024 onwards at the latest, higher education institu­tions will promote openness in the organisation of services that support education, for instance, by the use of open data, open learning and collaboration platforms and open source software, as well as by promoting transparency in service procurement.i)The teaching, IT management and library networks of higher education institutions will work together to promote the interoperability of open learning and collabortion platforms used in teaching as well as that of open education services.c)From 2024 onwards at the latest, the higher education and research community will develop expertise in open educational practices.i)The Open Science and Research Coordination, in cooperation with higher education institutions and other organisations promoting open education, creates a network of experts in open educational practices.ii)The higher education and research community establishes competence requirements for open education as part of teacher training.iii)Higher education institutions enable their personnel to develop their skills in open educational practices.d)From 2024 onwards at the latest, higher education institu­tions will encourage their personnel to share their exper­tise in planning and organising teaching.OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 23OBJECTIVE 2: By 2025, learners will be provided with oppor-tunities and support for open education.Actions required by the objective:a)Higher education institutions have diverse ways of recog­nising competence gained through open education.b)Higher education institutions provide means and support to improve the availability and accessibility of education.c)Higher education institutions involve learners in the plan­ning and implementation of open education.i)From 2024 onwards at the latest, higher education institutions will have practices in place to involve learners in the planning and implementation.d)From 2023 onwards at the latest, higher education insti­tutions will support learners’ skills in themes related to open science and education, such as licensing practices and copyright.e)From 2025 onwards at the latest, higher education insti­tutions will encourage learners to share the products of their learning openly and to make use of materials opened by other learners, applying the quality criteria for open education.i)Higher education institutions promote a voluntary open sharing and cooperation culture for learners by highlighting the opportunities for cooperation, peer development and use offered by open sharing and by informing them about the risks of open sharing.ii)From 2023 onwards, higher education institutions, together with the Open Science and Research Coor­dination, will increase teachers’ understanding of the conditions imposed by copyright for the open sharing of materials produced by learners.iii)By 2024, higher education institutions will have developed guidelines and operating models for the open sharing of products of learning.iv)From 2024 onwards, the monitoring of open science will take into account how information is available to learners about the open sharing of their products of learning.f)From 2024 onwards at the latest, higher education insti­tutions will encourage teachers to openly share teaching and evaluation related materials with learners.g)By 2024, in higher education institutions will begin to plan in the Digivision 2030 project how learners can utilise OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 24information related to their learning in accordance with the MyData principles.OBJECTIVE 3: By 2025, open education will be a significant part of the societal interaction of the higher education and research community.Actions required by the objective:a)Higher education institutions provide more teaching that is open to everyone.i)Higher education institutions clarify and communi­cate how to participate in teaching open to every­one, including contact teaching.ii)From 2024 onwards at the latest, higher education institutions will develop platforms and services that enable the digital opening of teaching.iii)From 2023 onwards at the latest, higher education institutions will cooperate nationally and interna­tionally in the development and implementation of teaching open to everyone.iv)From 2024 onwards, the monitoring of open science will take into account teaching open to everyone and participation in it.b)Higher education institutions grant open badges in accord­ance with the standards or other credits for the open education accomplishments.c)Higher education institutions and other organisations pro­moting open education cooperate in implementing scientific communication and science education in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee for Public Informa­tion and the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies.d)From 2023 onwards at the latest, higher education institutions plan the open sharing of educational data in accordance with responsible data management practices.i)By 2023, higher education institutions will agree in the Digivision 2030 project on the best practices for opening educational data.ii)By 2024, higher education institutions will begin in the Digivision 2030 project to design services to enable the opening of educational data.e)Higher education institutions and other organisations promoting open education cooperate nationally and inter­nationally in the development of and research into open education.OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 25ANNEX 1: TIMELINE OF THE ACTIONSImmediately after the publication of the Policy Component:•On the basis of this policy and the recommendations that specify it, universities and other organisations developing open education, will draw up their own guidelines on open educational resources, which will provide advice on, for example, matters such as contracts, licences, tools for opening educational resources, recommended distribu­tion locations and finding and using of open educational resources.•Universities and other organisations developing open education will provide support and training to creators of open educational resources on licensing and openness and issues related to its practical implementation.•As part of the national monitoring of open science, the capacity of organisations to support the development of open educational resources as well as the quality and the quantity of open educational resources will be investigated on a regular basis. •The authors of open educational resources are recom­mended to provide metadata of the open educational resources they have created for the Library of Open Edu­cational Resources.•Universities and other organisations developing open education are seeking for methods with the Library of Open Educational Resources by which open educational resources stored in their own repositories will also be stored in the Library of Open Educational Resources.•Providers of research funding will provide positive con­sideration to open educational resources drawn up on the basis of research results in funding decisions.•Universities and other organisations developing open education plan and implement joint projects that promote the capacity of all participants in the project to develop open educational resources, jointly develop high­quality open educational resources and establish networks for the marketing of open educational resources.•Universities and other organisations developing open education plan and implement cooperation projects for using open educational resources from higher education in other levels of education.OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 26•The Finnish university and research community partici­pates in promoting and researching the use and valuation of open educational resources at the EU level.•Open Science Coordination provides information on open educational resources, the related policy and joint recom­mendations, and services and projects related to open education both in Finland and internationally.•Universities and other organisations developing open education disseminate information on open educational resources and related practices within the organisation and to their partners and wider audience at both national and international level.•Finnish universities and other organisations that develop open education, as well as Open Science Coordination, participate in international cooperation projects, especially in the EU, the objective of which is to promote the develop­ment and use of open educational resources.•Higher education institutions have diverse ways of recog­nising competence gained through open education.•Higher education institutions provide means and support to improve the availability and accessibility of learning.•Higher education institutions involve learners in the plan­ning and implementation of open education.•Higher education institutions clarify and communicate how to participate in teaching open to everyone, including contact teaching.•Higher education institutions grant open badges in accord­ance with the standards or other credits for the open education accomplishments.•Higher education institutions and other organisations promoting open education cooperate in implementing scientific communication and science education in accord­ance with the recommendations of the Committee for Public Information and the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies.•Higher education institutions and other organisations promoting open education cooperate nationally and inter­nationally in the development of and research into open education.2023•Open Science Coordination will study the funding mecha­nisms for the development of open educational resources by also investigating international examples for comparison.OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 27•Universities and key funders, with the assistance of UNIFI and ARENE, will agree on how to share the costs of pro­moting open access to educational resources and, in accordance with the agreed model, support the prepara­tion and updating of open educational resources.•Open Science Coordination, together with universities, providers of research funding and other organisations developing open education, will explore possibilities for a research project to study the quality, quantity, use and valuation of open educational resources at universities in European Union countries.•Higher education institutions support learners’ skills in themes related to open science and education, such as licensing practices.•Higher education institutions, together with the Open Science and Research Coordination, increase teachers’ understanding of the conditions imposed by copyright for the open sharing of materials produced by learners.•Higher education institutions cooperate nationally and internationally in the development and implementation of teaching open to everyone.•In the Digivision 2030 project, higher education institutions agree on the best practices for opening educational data.2024•Higher education institutions have their own policy that steers the administration of open education, quality work and the personnel’s merit and incentive systems so that they support open educational practices.•Higher education institutions promote openness in the organisation of services that support education, for instance, by the use of open data, open learning and collaboration platforms and open source software, as well as by promoting transparency in service procurement.•The teaching, IT management and library networks of higher education institutions will work together to pro­mote the interoperability of open learning and collabortion platforms used in teaching as well as that of open educa­tion services.•The higher education and research community develops competence in open educational practices in the follow­ing ways:OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 28•The Open Science and Research Coordination, in cooperation with higher education institutions and other organisations promoting open education, creates a network of experts in open educational practices.•The higher education and research community establishes competence requirements for open education as part of teacher training.•Higher education institutions enable their personnel to develop their skills in open educational practices.•Higher education institutions encourage their personnel to share their expertise in planning and organising teaching.•Higher education institutions have ready­made practices for involving learners in the planning and implementation of open education.•Higher education institutions have developed guidelines and operating models for the open sharing of products of learning.•Higher education institutions encourage teachers to openly share teaching and evaluation related materials with learners.•Higher education institutions begin to plan in the Digivision 2030 project how learners can utilise information related to their learning in accordance with the MyData principles.•Higher education institutions develop platforms and ser­vices that enable the digital opening of teaching.•The monitoring of open science takes into account teach­ing open to everyone and participation in it, as well as how information is available to learners on the open sharing of their products of learning.•In the Digivision 2030 project, higher education institutions begin to design services that will enable the opening of educational data.2025•Higher education institutions encourage learners to share the products of their learning openly and to make use of materials opened by other learners, applying the quality criteria for open education.•Higher education institutions promote a voluntary open sharing and cooperation culture for learners by highlight­ing the opportunities for cooperation, peer development and use offered by open sharing and by informing them about the risks of open sharing.OPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 29ANNEX 2: DRAFTING OF THE POLICYThe policy has been drafted by a working group gathered up by the Expert panel in Open Education. The members of the working group are:• Kaisu Clarot University of Oulu• Minna Fred Laurea University of Applied Sciences• Susanna Hasiwar University of Oulu• Janniina Heinonen The Trade Union of Education in Finland OAJ• Aino Helariutta Laurea University of Applied Sciences• Ira Hietanen-Tanskanen The Trade Union of Education in Finland OAJ• Ilmari Jauhiainen The Federation of Finnish Learned Societies• Joni Kajander National Union of University Students in Finland• Anne Kärki Satakunta University of Applied Sciences• Leo Lahti University of Turku• Anna Lindfors CSC• Jouni Markkula University of Oulu• Paula Merikko Finnish National Board of Education• Minna Niemi-Grundström University of Tampere• Seliina Päällysaho Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences• Maria Rehbinder Aalto University• Jarkko Toikkanen University of Oulu / The Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers• Tarmo Toikkanen Open Knowledge Finland / Creative Commons Finland / The Association of Finnish eLearning Centre / IT instructors• Tarjaleena Tuukkanen Häme University of Applied Sciences• Marjo Vallittu University of Jyväskylä• Salla Viitanen The Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers• Terhi Kaipainen South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences• Miki Kallio University of OuluThe policy was drafted on the basis of an open preliminary survey aimed especially at university teachers, in which teachers’ experiences on open educational resources and their wishes and fears concerning the future policy were evaluated. 108 replies were received.The Policy Group has strived to comply with the following values in its policy work:• Humanity – the aim in the policy has been to adapt the structures to the needs of learners and teachers, not the learners and teachers to the structuresOPEN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • POLICY COMPONENTS 1 AND 2 30• Sense of community – efforts have been made to involve all relevant stakeholders, such as teachers, learners and organisations, in the policy work• Diversity – the policy aims to enable many ways of imple­menting open education.

Glossary terms:

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Example of getting Objectives.

Opening up education or Open Education means extending access to and participation in education to larger audiences and target groups by lowering barriers to education and increasing accessibility, unrestrictedness, offering and learner-centeredness. It diversifies the possibilities of teaching, learning and building, joint development and sharing of knowledge and combines the pathways of formal and nonformal learning. Although open education is often carried out using digital technologies, open education is not the same as digital education or digitalisation of educational resources.

Med MyData (egendata) avses en människoorienterad approach till hantering av data som gäller individer. Målet med MyData är att en person själv kan hantera användningen av sina personuppgifter på ett sätt som stöder (åter)användning, interoperabilitet, maskinläsbarhet och tydlighet. MyData kan även avse en delmängd personuppgifter som uppfyller tidigare nämnda egenskaper. Principerna för MyData är människoorienterad hantering av personuppgifter, individen som ”integrationspunkt” – det vill säga den som möjliggör informationsflödet – stärkande av individen, möjlighet att överföra information, transparens och ansvarsfullhet samt interoperabilitet. Med hjälp av dessa principer i MyData-deklarationen är det möjligt att granska i vilken grad MyData förverkligas.

MyDatalla (omadatalla) tarkoitetaan ihmiskeskeistä lähestymistapaa henkilöön liittyvän tiedon hallintaan. MyDatalla tavoitellaan sitä, että henkilö itse voi jatkokäyttää ja hallinnoida omia henkilöä koskevien tietojensa (jatko)käyttöä yhteentoimivalla, koneluettavalla ja selkeällä tavalla. MyDatalla voidaan tarkoittaa myös henkilötietojen osajoukkoa, jossa edellä mainitut ominaisuudet toteutuvat. MyDatan periaatteet ovat ihmiskeskeinen henkilötiedon hallinta, yksilö ”integraatiopisteenä” – eli tiedonliikkumisen mahdollistajana – yksilön voimaannuttaminen, tiedon siirrettävyys, läpinäkyvyys ja vastuullisuus sekä yhteentoimivuus. Näiden MyData-julistuksessa aukikirjoitettujen periaatteiden avulla voidaan tarkastella MyDatan toteutumisastetta

MyData refers to a people-centred approach to managing person-related information. MyData aims to enable individuals to continue to use and manage the (continued) use of their personal data in an interoperable, machine-readable and clear manner. MyData can also refer to a subset of personal data in which the above features are realised. MyData’s principles involve peoplecentred management of personal data, the individual as the “integration point” – that is, the enabler of the information flow, the individual’s empowerment, transferability of data, transparency and responsibility, and interoperability. These principles, written out in the MyData declaration can be used to examine the degree of implementation of MyData.

Creative Commons, maailman yleisin avoin lisenssijärjestelmä, luotiin vuonna 2001. Se on suosituslisenssi avoimille aineistoille useissa maissa. Creative Commons -lisenssit on suunniteltu helppokäyttöisiksi ja helposti ymmärrettäviksi. Aineiston tekijä päättää itse lisenssistä omien tavoitteidensa mukaisesti. Lähtökohtaisesti CC-lisenssi sisältää maailmanlaajuisen peruuttamattoman oikeuden jatkolevittää aineistoa. Valitsemalla sopivat lisäehdot neljän eri ehdon joukosta tekijä voi rajoittaa näitä oikeuksia sopivaksi katsomallaan tavalla. Lue lisää: https://creativecommons.org/

Creative Commons, the world's most common open licensing system, was created in 2001. It is the preferred licence for open source material in many countries. Creative Commons licences are designed to be easy to use and understand. It is up to the author to decide on the licence according to their own objectives. In principle, a CC licence includes an irrevocable worldwide right to redistribute the material. By choosing the appropriate additional conditions from a list of four, the author can limit these rights as they see fit. Read more: https://creativecommons.org/

Creative Commons, världens vanligaste öppna licenssystem, skapades 2001. Det är den rekommenderade licensen för öppet tillgängligt material i många länder. Creative Commons-licenser (länk på finska) är utformade för att vara lätta att använda och för-stå. Upphovspersonen väljer licens enligt sina egna mål sättningar. Utgångspunkten är att en CC-licens innehåller en oåterkallelig världsomspännande rätt att vidaredistribuera materialet. Genom att välja lämpliga ytterligare villkor bland de fyra nedan kan upphovspersonen begränsa dessa rättigheter på det sätt som hen anser lämpligt. Inga ytterligare begränsningar eller villkor kan knytas till CC-licensen. Läs mer: https://creativecommons.org/