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This policy consists of policy components. The first policy component concerns research data and is completed in the spring of 2021. The policy component on research methods, including code and software, is estimated to be completed in 2022.  
This policy consists of policy components. The first policy component concerns research data and is completed in the spring of 2021. The policy component on research methods, including code and software, is estimated to be completed in 2022.  
On a general level, the openness of research data and methods and good data management improve the possibilities of research verification and promote the appropriate reuse of existing research data and methods<ref>The goal of responsible research and innovation is to encourage operators to produce ethically acceptable, sustainable and societally interesting research and innovation outputs. See https://www.rri-prac-tice.eu/about-rri-practice/what-is-rri/</ref>. Openness increases global equality, as the research data can be accessed by researchers globally. This in turn promotes the emergence of new innovations. The openness of research data and methods raises significant questions related to research integrity and legislation and involves restrictions, of which researchers and others working in data management must be aware.  
On a general level, the openness of research data and methods and good data management improve the possibilities of research verification and promote the appropriate reuse of existing research data and methods<ref>The goal of responsible research and innovation is to encourage operators to produce ethically acceptable, sustainable and societally interesting research and innovation outputs. See https://www.rri-prac-tice.eu/about-rri-practice/what-is-rri/</ref>. Openness increases global equality, as the research data can be accessed by researchers globally. This in turn promotes the emergence of new innovations. The openness of research data and methods raises significant questions related to research integrity and legislation and involves restrictions, of which researchers and others working in data management must be aware.  
To implement equality both on a national and an inter-national level, openness of research data and methods must be promoted in an economically sustainable way. Economically sustainable fostering of openness means that key open science infrastructures are not profit-ori-ented<ref>First draft of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, page 5, [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374409.locale=en. page=14]</ref>. In Finland, research data produced with public funding must be open accessible for all.
To implement equality both on a national and an inter-national level, openness of research data and methods must be promoted in an economically sustainable way. Economically sustainable fostering of openness means that key open science infrastructures are not profit-ori-ented<ref>First draft of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, page 5, [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374409.locale=en.page=14]</ref>. In Finland, research data produced with public funding must be open accessible for all.


==Freedom of research and the responsibility of the researcher==
==Freedom of research and the responsibility of the researcher==

Revision as of 10:50, 28 November 2022

Language versions: fi en sv

Open research data and methods, Open access to research data, Open access to research methods and infrastructures

Policy objective

Research data and methods are as open as possible and as closed as necessary. The data is managed appropriately with the aim of implementing the FAIR principles[1]. Research methods and research data are identified as independent research outputs.

Introduction

This policy consists of policy components. The first policy component concerns research data and is completed in the spring of 2021. The policy component on research methods, including code and software, is estimated to be completed in 2022. On a general level, the openness of research data and methods and good data management improve the possibilities of research verification and promote the appropriate reuse of existing research data and methods[2]. Openness increases global equality, as the research data can be accessed by researchers globally. This in turn promotes the emergence of new innovations. The openness of research data and methods raises significant questions related to research integrity and legislation and involves restrictions, of which researchers and others working in data management must be aware. To implement equality both on a national and an inter-national level, openness of research data and methods must be promoted in an economically sustainable way. Economically sustainable fostering of openness means that key open science infrastructures are not profit-ori-ented[3]. In Finland, research data produced with public funding must be open accessible for all.

Freedom of research and the responsibility of the researcher

This policy is based on national and international policies on open access to research data and methods. Its objective is to support the principles of open science and increase freedom of research as well as researchers’ possibilities of distributing and utilising research-based knowledge. It is the researcher’s responsibility to carry out research of the best possible quality, which includes responsible management of research data and methods. The repository selected for the research data and methods must be such that it best suits the whole in question and provides service in accordance with the FAIR principles. The purpose of open access is to make the further use of research data and methods as open as possible. The degree of openness can be restricted for justified reasons. The research community must guarantee the skills, incentives, resources and structures for opening research data and methods (e.g., infrastructures and services) in a way that supports and respects the work and equality of the researchers.

International context

This policy has been drawn up utilising the extensive national and international work that has been and is done towards promoting the openness of research data. Good summaries of this work are, among others, the plan drawn up by the Association of European Research Universities, Open Science and its Role in Universities: A Roadmap for Cultural Change (2018), and the final report published by the European Commission, Turning FAIR into Reality. Final report and action plan from the European Commission expert group on FAIR data (2018) [4]. The operating environment is further shaped by current and future EU regulation on the openness of data, e.g. the Open Data Directive. Scholarly publishers require authors of research publications to provide open access to their data and methods. Scholarly publishers also allow or require authors to save their research data or methods in repositories that can be closed, open or behind paywalls[5][6].

Funders require the opening of research data and methods, which is closely connected to good research data management. An example of this is Science Europe’s guideline Practical Guide to the International Alignment of Research Data Management[7].

By ensuring that the Finnish policy reflects the international development, the Finnish research community participates in the creation of common international practices in this swiftly growing and developing area. Finnish operators actively participate in European and international work, e.g. in the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and Research Data Alliance (RDA) communities. The Finnish research community participates in a dialogue where it can obtain good practices and contribute to the creation of workable solutions.

Risks and threats

This policy includes identified risks. The opening of research data and methods is based on good data management. However, implementation of responsible conduct of research and good research data management requires resources and economic incentives targeted towards research organisations during the entire lifecycle of the research data and methods. To make resources available for the entire lifecycle, organisations in different roles should commit to the maintenance ofresources. Investment in services, meanwhile, promotes more efficient resource utilisation and creates savings. Researchers are concerned about opening sensitive and confidential research data (e.g. personal information) and methods. For this reason, different degrees of openness and the researcher’s right to primary use should be considered. In some cases, it is enough to open the metadata. Opening research data and methods brings up juridical (e.g. contractual) questions as well as the legal protection of researchers in relation to research data and methods. Research funding organisations and scholarly publishers increasingly require open research data and methods. From the viewpoint of funding applicants, the risk is that research funding declines or is claimed back if research data cannot be opened. Reasons for not opening research data and methods include lack of skills, services and infrastructures. Legislative, ethical and contractual restrictions can also prevent openness.

Structure and background of the policy

This policy has been drawn up by the Finnish research community. The progress of the work has been the responsibility of a working group assembled by the expert group on open data at the Open Science Coordination (the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies). The work has been directed by the National Open Science and Research Steering Group. The policy supports the Declaration for Open Science and Research 2020–2025. This policy on open access to research data and methods consists of strategic principles common to the entire policy and two policy components in which objectives and actions are set out for each area. The strategic principles describe general preconditions for the pursuit of open access to research data and methods. They formulate principles that are important for the research community and must be adhered to when implementing openness. The objectives listed in the policy components comprise more time-bound, specific and measurable objectives for openness. The objectives are accompanied by concrete actions required for their achievement. The changing international environment affects the objectives and the related actions more quickly than the principles. The vocabulary used in the policy (see appendix 1) supports the readability and sufficient comprehensibility of the document. The vocabulary of open science differs across fields of science, and the terms and their translations vary greatly in legislation. The terms are defined in different ways in different contexts. Due to the differences between fields of science, it is difficult to create a comprehensive vocabulary.

Implementation and monitoring

The implementation of the policy on open access to research data and methods is the responsibility of the entire Finnish research community, and the policy will come into effect gradually. The policy component on open access to research data is completed in spring 2021, and the policy component on research methods in spring 2022. The entire policy, including policy components, will be reviewed no later than 2025. The monitoring of the implementation of the policy is the responsibility of the Open Science Coordination at the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. It is the Coordination’s responsibility to support and promote continuous discussion in order to reach the objectives and to keep the policy up to date. The monitoring mechanisms for the openness of research data and methods will be part of the national open science monitoring programme that is being developed.

Strategic principles

Principle 1: Responsible management of research data and methods

Research data and methods shall be managed, opened and used responsibly and appropriately.

Ensuring the realisation and monitoring of the principle:

  • Baseline: Responsible management of research data and methods is the most important prerequisite for openness. The research community has identified deficiencies in its practices.
  • Continuous monitoring: Continuous monitoring will be carried out as part of the national monitoring of open science and research.

Principle 2: Data management infrastructures and services

Researchers have access to infrastructures and services that enable responsible data management, and these are developed further in an economically sustainable way, taking into account the researchers’ needs.

Ensuring the realisation and monitoring of the principle:

  • Baseline review: During 2021, the Open Science Coordination will, in cooperation with the research organisations and service providers, specify a minimum level of research data management infrastructures and services.
  • Continuous monitoring:: No later than 2022, the Open Science Coordination will draw up an evaluation templateMaterials-footnote-8 for future use in organisations as an evaluation tool in regular self-evaluation. Continuous monitoring will be carried out as part of the national monitoring of open science and research.

Principle 3: Incentives for opening of research data and methods

The researcher’s merits in the promotion of good data management, work related to research data and methods, and the appropriate opening of research data and methods are valued and can support the researcher’s career.

Ensuring the realisation and monitoring of the principle:

  • Baseline: No later than 2022, the Open Science Coordination will draw up a recommendation on good practices, i.e. how the promotion of good data management, work related to research data, and the opening of research data shall be considered in the researcher’s work, and how these merits will be evaluated.
  • Continuous monitoring: Continuous monitoring will be carried out as part of the national monitoring of open science and research.

Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus

Tämä kansallinen osalinjaus on suomalaisen tutkimusyhteisön1 yhteinen suunnannäyttäjä tutkimusdatojen avoimen saatavuuden edistämiseksi. Osalinjaus ei koske muita tutkimusaineistoja eikä -menetelmiä, vaan linjausrakenteen mukaisesti niitä voidaan käsitellä omissa osalinjauksissaan.

Tutkimusdatan avoimen saatavuuden osalinjaus koskee ensisijaisesti tutkimusdataa, joka on tuotettu tai käytetty osana tutkimus- tai kehittämisprosessia 1.7.2021 tai sen jälkeen ja

  • jossa tutkija on suomalaisessa tutkimusorganisaatiossa työskentelevä tai siihen affilioitunut ja/tai suomalaisen tutkimusrahoittajan rahoituksella työskentelevä tutkija

tai

  • jossa tutkimus- tai kehittämisprojekti, jonka yhteydessä tutkimusdata kootaan tai käytetään, sijoittuu suomalaiseen tutkimusorganisaatioon ja/tai on suomalaisen tutkimusrahoittajan rahoittama.

Toimenpiteissä ei oteta kantaa siihen, miten organisaatiot ratkaisevat asiat, joten tutkimusorganisaatioille on jätetty tehtäväksi suunnitella kokonaisuus omista lähtökohdistaan käsin.

Tavoitteet ja toimenpiteet

Structured data
Type DocumentType:Policy
Name (fi) Tutkimusdatan avoin saatavuus
Name (sv) Öppen tillgång till forskningsdata
Name (en) Open access to research data
Description (fi) Tämä kansallinen osalinjaus on suomalaisen tutkimusyhteisön [8] yhteinen suunnannäyttäjä tutkimusdatojen avoimen saatavuuden edistämiseksi. Osalinjaus ei koske muita tutkimusaineistoja eikä -menetelmiä, vaan linjausrakenteen mukaisesti niitä voidaan käsitellä omissa osalinjauksissaan.

Tutkimusdatan avoimen saatavuuden osalinjaus koskee ensisijaisesti tutkimusdataa, joka on tuotettu tai käytetty osana tutkimus- tai kehittämisprosessia 1.7.2021 tai sen jälkeen ja

  • jossa tutkija on suomalaisessa tutkimusorganisaatiossa työskentelevä tai siihen affilioitunut ja/tai suomalaisen tutkimusrahoittajan rahoituksella työskentelevä tutkija

tai

  • jossa tutkimus- tai kehittämisprojekti, jonka yhteydessä tutkimusdata kootaan tai käytetään, sijoittuu suomalaiseen tutkimusorganisaatioon ja/tai on suomalaisen tutkimusrahoittajan rahoittama.

Toimenpiteissä ei oteta kantaa siihen, miten organisaatiot ratkaisevat asiat, joten tutkimusorganisaatioille on jätetty tehtäväksi suunnitella kokonaisuus omista lähtökohdistaan käsin.

Description (sv) Denna nationella delpolicy är det finländska forskningssamfundets [9]gemensamma vägvisare för att främja öppen tillgång till forskningsdata. Delpolicyn gäller inte övriga forskningsmaterial eller -metoder, som i enlighet med policystrukturen kan behandlas i separata delpolicyer.

Delpolicyn för öppen tillgång till forskningsdata gäller i första hand forskningsdata som har producerats eller använts som en del av en forsknings- eller utvecklingsprocess från och med 1.7.2021, och

  • vars forskare arbetar i eller är affilierad vid en finländsk forskningsorganisation och/eller forskare som har finländsk forskningsfinansiering,

eller

  • där forsknings- eller utvecklingsprojekt i samband med vilket forskningsdata samlas in och används, hör till en finländsk forskningsorganisation och/eller har finländsk forskningsfinansiering.

Åtgärderna nedan tar inte ställning till organisationernas lösningar, så det är organisationernas uppgift att planera en helhet utgående från sina egna förutsättningar.

Description (en) This national policy component is the Finnish research community’s [10] shared guideline for the advancement of open access to research data. The policy component does not include research methods as these will, in accordance with the policy structure, be discussed in a separate

policy component. The policy component on open access to research data primarily concerns research data that has been produced or used as part of a research or development process as of 1 July 2021 and

  • where the researcher is working in or is affiliated with a Finnish research organisation and/or working with funding by a Finnish research funding organisation

or

  • where the research or development project involving the compilation or use of the research data takes place in a Finnish research organisation and/or is funded by a Finnish research funding organisation.
Field Domain:Data
Validity start 2020
Validity End 2025
Tags
Has part
Is part of

Sections No sections yet!


Objective 1: Data management plans

No later than 2023, data management plans have been drawn up as part of quality management for all starting research and development projects, taking into account the needs of different fields of science and the lifecycle of the research data.

Actions required to achieve the objective:

  1. Higher education institutions offer instructions, practices and training in data management planning. No later than 2022, higher education institutions will offer instructions, practices and training in the field of data management planning for students, researchers and other personnel.
  2. Data management plans covering the entire data lifecycle. No later than 2023, research organisations will include creation and maintenance of data management plans in their research and service processes at each stage of the data lifecycle.
  3. Thesis supervisors are able to evaluate and comment on data management plans. No later than 2024, higher education institutions will ensure that thesis supervisors are able to evaluate and comment on data management plans as part of their supervisory work.
  4. Research organisations support research planning in data management. No later than 2022, research organisations support research planning so as to ensure preparedness for sufficient resourcing and costs of data management and its support.
  5. data management training included in curricula. Higher education institutions include data management training in their curricula for basic and further education when curricula are updated.
  6. Monitoring to ensure good and responsible data management practices. No later than 2024, research organisations have developed monitoring to ensure implementation of good and responsible data management practices.
  7. Regularly updated data policies. No later than 2022, research organisations have regularly updated data policies.

Objective 2: Operating models for all rights, terms and licenses

No later than 2022, research organisations apply operating models with which all rights, terms and licenses related to the use of research data can be clearly agreed between all participants in research work.

Actions required to achieve the objective:

  1. Recommendations on the legal questions in agreements. During 2021, the Open Science Coordination will produce a report on the legal questions related to open science. Recommendations on the content of agreements will be created in co-operation with the Finnish research community.
  2. Basic principles for the agreements on the rights and responsibilities. In 2021, research organisations have basic principles concerning the agreements on the rights and responsibilities related to research data. Advice and guidance are available for special cases.
  3. Instructions on licensing and commercialisation. In 2021, research funding organisations and research organisations will instruct researchers either to appropriately license research data to be opened or to guarantee the societal impact of the research outputs through commercialisation.
  4. Guidelines for the reuse of research data produced with public funding. In 2021, research funding organisations and research organisations will instruct researchers on licensing according to the requirements of legislation on the reuse of research data produced with public funding.
  5. Education and/or training and advice on rights and licences. In 2021, research organisations will offer education and/or training and advice on rights related to research data and open science licenses.

Objective 3: Documentation supports FAIR research data

No later than 2022, research data produced in starting research and development projects have been documented so that the documentation supports the opening, re-use, findability, interoperability and accessibility of research data.

Actions required to achieve the objective:

  1. Research organisations support researchers in metadata production. No later than 2022, research organisations support researchers in the production of metadata through support services and incentives.
  2. Training and support for documenta-tion of research data. No later than 2022, research organisations will offer training and support as well as tools for documentation of research data to various target groups, taking into account the skills development of the target groups, the needs of various fields of science, and the lifecycle of the research.
  3. Prepareations for the documentation costs. In 2021, research organisations support research planning so that research projects are able to prepare for the documentation costs of research data.
  4. Specification of indicators for open science. No later than 2022, the working group for open science and research monitoring will specify indicators for open science.
  5. Research organisations utilise suitable indicators. No later than 2023, research organisations will utilise suitable indicators with which they monitor their progress in good data management as part of the quality system.

Objective 4: Storage solution, infrastructure, and services

No later than 2022, a storage solution, infrastructure, and services have been created for research data. These are appropriate for good data management and take into account the lifecycle of research data.

Actions required to achieve the objective:

  1. Revision of the existing services as part of the national architecture work and initiatation of development measures in organisations. In 2021, Finnish research organisations will review the existing services as part of the national architecture work. The organisations will, on their part, initiate necessary development measures and promote the use of national and international services.
  2. Instructions and sufficient support services in data managemetn. No later than 2022, research organisations, in co-operation with national and international operators, will produce and provide instructions and sufficient support services for researchers and research groups in order to enable data storage and publication in accordance with the principles of good data management.
  3. Not for profit-oriented research data infrastructures. The research community will ensure that the key open research data infrastructures are not pro-fit-orientedMaterials-footnote-10.

Objective 5: Operating model to utilise expertise and multi-professional cooperation

No later than 2022, research organisations apply an operating model according to which expertise and multi-professional cooperation is utilised for the development of training, skills, and required data management services. The operating model cannot be restricted to the research data to be opened. Good data management requires the management of the entire lifecycle, regardless of the end result.

Actions required to achieve the objective:

  1. Skills and services development in national and international cooperation. The research community develops the structures and content for skills and services in national and international cooperation.
  2. Impartial training in good data management in research organisations. In 2021, research organisations will offer, independently or in co-operation, training in good data management according to the needs of their community for researchers, teachers, supervisors and support personnel at all career stages.
  3. Description of required expert roles. No later than 2023, research organisations will describe required expert roles in co-operation on a national level and create possible career paths for them.
  4. Expert training development as part of students' course selection. Higher education institutions will develop expert training as part of their course selection for students.


Open science: Jeejee


or we can make a localized link to Open science

Structured data
Type DocumentType:
Name (fi)
Name (sv)
Name (en)
Description (fi)
Description (sv)
Description (en)
Field Domain:
Validity start
Validity End
Tags
Has part
Is part of

Sections No sections yet!

  1. ↑ The FAIR principles refer to the quality of research data from the viewpoint of further use. The goal of the principles is to make research data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable. See Appendix 1 and https://www.force11.org/fairprinciples.
  2. ↑ The goal of responsible research and innovation is to encourage operators to produce ethically acceptable, sustainable and societally interesting research and innovation outputs. See https://www.rri-prac-tice.eu/about-rri-practice/what-is-rri/
  3. ↑ First draft of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, page 5, [1]
  4. ↑ Ayris, Paul; López de San Román, Alea; Maes, Katrien; Labastida, Ignasi: Open Science and its Role in Universities: A Roadmap for Cultural Change. League of European Research Universities, 2018. https://www. leru.org/publications/open-science-and-its-role-in-universities-a-road- map-for-cultural-change; Turning FAIR into Reality. Final report and action plan from the European Commission expert group on FAIR data. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission, 2018. doi.org/10.2777/1524. See also Lawrence, Rebecca; Mendez, Eva: Progress on open science: Towards a shared research knowledge system. Final report of the open science policy platform. Directorate-General forResearch and Innovation, European Commission, 2020. doi.org/10.2777/00139
  5. ↑ Springer Nature: “Data Availability Statements”. springernature.com/gp/authors/research-data-policy/data-availability-statements/12330880
  6. ↑ First draft of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, [2]
  7. ↑ Science Europe: Practical Guide to the International Alignment of Research Data Management, 2018. media/jezkhnoo/se_rdm_practical_guide_final.pdf
  8. ↑ Tutkimusyhteisön määritelmässä noudatetaan Avoimen tieteen ja tutkimuksen julistuksen 2020–2025 (2020, 5) määritelmää. https://doi. org/10.23847/isbn.9789525995237
  9. ↑ Forskningssamfundet definieras enligt Deklarationen för öppen vetenskap och forskning 2020–2025 (2020, 5). https://doi.org/10.23847/ isbn.9789525995237.
  10. ↑ Forskningssamfundet definieras enligt Deklarationen för öppen vetenskap och forskning 2020–2025 (2020, 5). https://doi.org/10.23847/ isbn.9789525995237.

The publication in its entirety is available on the Internet free of charge and without restrictions to read, print and copy at least for non-commercial use.

FAIR principles are a set of guidelines to make research data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. This facilitates scientific discovery and access to knowledge. (Open Science and Research Coordination in Finland 2023, 34.)

Publikationen kan i sin helhet laddas ner via Internet och läsas, skrivas ut och kopieras i minst icke-kommersiellt syfte utan begränsningar eller avgifter.

Jeejee

Availability refers to the accessibility of information in, for example, a public document. This means that the information in the document can be used at the desired time and in the required manner. An accessible document may, for example, be openly accessible or available on request.

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Sivustoa ylläpitää Avoimen tieteen ja tutkimuksen (AVOTT) kansallisen koordinaation sihteeristö, joka toimii Tieteellisten seurain valtuuskunnassa (TSV) Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön (OKM) rahoituksella. Avoimen tieteen ja tutkimuksen koordinaatio edistää avoimen tieteen ja tutkimuksen toteutumista sekä keskustelua sen mahdollisuuksista, haasteista sekä niiden ratkaisuista Suomessa.

Webbplatsen upprätthålls av Sekretariatet för den nationella samordningen av öppen vetenskap och forskning. Sekretariatet verkar vid Vetenskapliga samfundens delegation med finansiering från undervisnings- och kulturministeriet. Samordningen främjar öppen vetenskap och forskning samt diskussion kring dess möjligheter, utmaningar och lösningar i Finland.

This website is maintained by the Secretariat of the National Coordination for Open Science and Research in Finland (AVOTT), which operates in the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies (TSV) with funding from the Ministry of Education and Culture (OKM). The Open Science and Research Coordination promotes open science and research, as well as discussion on its opportunities, challenges and their solutions in Finland.